Why do we have universal education, when did it start and why?

Universal education started in 1561 in Scotland because it could raise the youth of Realm. In January 1561, Scottish set out a national programmer for spiritual reform, including education. Since individual achievement and supremacy of Scripture are considered extremely important, widespread literacy is soon a significant goal. People need universal education because we need to gain knowledge, become civilized, communicate, and identify right and wrong. People don't want to become barbarians, and thus we need to become civilized. If people act like barbarians, World War III will happen and the society will never maintain peace. People gain basic knowledge of living so they can know what they need in order to survive in such dangerous world. People need to learn read and write so they can communicate with each other and deliver the right information. The most important part is that people need to identify right and wrong. They have to identify right and wrong based on moral standards and education. They need to make choices by themselves, instead of following others blindly. If people don't have this ability, they will always become the slaves of another. Furthermore, education promotes people to think, in which the enlightenment ideas are expressed by famous philosophers. These ideas then lead to revolution, such as American and French revolution. Therefore, we can discover the importance of education because it promotes people the ability to think, think, and think.